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3.3 KiB
Agent Note: 将 bwrap 与宿主 PID 命名空间隔离
Status: implemented
English | 中文
问题
bwrap 后端挂载了全新的 /proc,但保留宿主 PID 命名空间。因此,受约束命令可以看到宿主进程,并沿 /proc/<pid>/root、/proc/<pid>/fd、/proc/<pid>/cwd 等 procfs 魔法链接进入宿主进程的挂载视图。当访问控制允许跟随其中某条链接时,该路径便可越过 profile 对宿主根目录的只读绑定挂载,以及 workspace-write 的 allow-list。宿主的 ptrace 限制有时会阻断该路径,但这类取决于部署环境的权限并不构成约束边界。
最初的沙箱决策有意维持进程可见性不变,因为 SandboxMode 承诺的是文件影响,而不是一般性的进程隔离。对 bwrap 而言,procfs 魔法链接使宿主进程可见性成为文件影响边界的一部分,因此该选择无法维持这些模式承诺的边界。
决策
每个 bwrap profile 都使用 --unshare-pid,并为该私有命名空间挂载 /proc。受约束命令可以观察和控制自己的后代进程,但宿主进程及其 procfs 魔法链接不会出现。Bubblewrap 提供该命名空间的 PID 1 进程,用于回收后代进程。
bwrap 功能探测与实际包装使用同一个 profile builder。因此,无法创建 PID 命名空间的宿主会在选择阶段拒绝 bwrap 并回退到 Landlock,而不是让较弱的探测通过,随后才失败。
这是 bwrap 后端不变式,不是 SandboxMode 的新承诺。Landlock 与 Seatbelt 仍保持进程可见性不变,且没有后端限制网络访问。
曾考虑的替代方案
- 在保留宿主进程可见性的同时屏蔽部分 procfs 链接。 每个进程的条目都会动态变化,只覆盖
root仍会留下可通过fd、cwd、exe及未来魔法链接进行的等效越界路径。阻止列表无法建立该边界。 - 依赖 ptrace 与 procfs 所有权检查。 其行为取决于内核设置、容器配置、进程凭据,以及进程是否可转储。同一用户的进程可能仍可访问,因此这些检查只属于纵深防御,不能取代由 profile 建立的权威边界。
- 完全移除
/proc。 常规进程工具和后代进程管理依赖 procfs。私有 PID 命名空间配合对应的 procfs,既能保留这些机制,又不会暴露宿主进程。
验证
profile 单元测试固定两个受约束模式均取消共享 PID 命名空间。真实 bwrap 测试验证:两个模式报告的 PID 命名空间标识都与 harness 不同,拒绝通过 /proc/1/root 写入,确保宿主目标文件仍不存在,同时仍允许命令观察、终止并等待自己的后代进程。
后果
- 受 bwrap 约束的命令无法再检查宿主进程或向其发送信号,包括同一用户的进程。
read-only与workspace-write无需再依赖宿主 procfs 访问策略来防止绕过挂载 profile。- 无法使用 PID 命名空间的宿主会通过现有的失败关闭阶梯,选择下一个受支持的 Linux 后端。
- 此次改变的是内核约束保证,不是模型可见输出、协议或 transcript(文本记录)内容;因此,真实后端 e2e 是组装应用的验收路径,无需修改快照。